Losing documents can lead to numerous problems. Fraudsters often attempt to use someone else's documents to take out a loan, take out a credit card, make installment purchases, rent an apartment, or even steal a rental car. And these are just a few of the tricks used in practice.
Unfortunately, these are not isolated cases. According to reports from the Polish Bank Association, between 2010 and 2020, approximately 5,500 and nearly 10,000 loan fraud attempts were foiled each year. The average fraud amount is tens of thousands of zlotys, with the largest being as much as 20 million zlotys.
Therefore, it is worth knowing how to quickly and effectively protect yourself against negative consequences.
What documents are worth classifying?
Not only an ID card or passport can be used to confirm identity. It's also worth remembering to reserve, among other things:
- Driving license
- Residence card
- Military booklet
- Payment cards
- Registration documents
What to do?
The "Restricted Documents" system, a nationwide database of stolen and lost documents created by the Polish Bank Association, has been in operation in Poland for many years. Currently, all banks in Poland participate, as well as many other companies and institutions.
The easiest way to report a lost document is to report it to your bank. This can be done in person at a branch, and some banks also offer this service via online banking or accept reports by phone. Importantly, the submitted notification will be automatically forwarded to all other entities participating in the system, not only banks but also leasing companies, mobile phone operators, and car rental companies.
If someone attempts to use a previously restricted document, the transaction will be blocked and the police will be notified to investigate.
If someone doesn't have a bank account or is unable to report the loss of documents to their bank, some banks accept such reports from anyone. A full list of banks that process such notifications can be found on the "Restricted Documents" System website.
Should I report the loss to the police?
Not every case of lost documents should be reported to the police. This should only be done if it could have been the result of a crime, such as theft or robbery. This could lead to criminal proceedings being initiated. If an ID card is lost, it will no longer be necessary to report its loss to the municipal office.
When there is still a chance to find
Sometimes we think our ID card hasn't been stolen, but merely lost, and we hope we'll find it. If we have an e-ID card, meaning one issued after March 4, 2019, which contains an electronic layer, it can be "suspended." This way, if it's found, there's no need to reapply, which would be the case if it were revoked. During the suspension period, the ID card and all certificates uploaded to it are temporarily invalid. Suspension can be done:
- via the Internet (you must have a Trusted Profile)
- at any municipal office.
Am I responsible for the loan on my ID?
Of course, you're not liable for a loan obtained fraudulently using someone else's documents. However, all circumstances will need to be clarified and proven before the appropriate authorities. This may often require testifying before the police or prosecutor's office, or awaiting the results of a handwriting expert's report. It's also crucial to check your mailbox to receive the court order for payment in a timely manner, which will allow for an effective appeal, which may require seeking the assistance of a professional attorney.
In case of problems with the retention of lost documents, attempts to obtain a loan or other illegal use of them, the Graś i Wspólnicy Law Firm will provide you with the necessary advice.
