The reinstatement of commercial proceedings into the Code of Civil Procedure meant not only the reactivation of a separate procedure for resolving disputes between entrepreneurs, but above all, the introduction of a significantly more formalized procedural model. One of its key elements was the evidentiary preclusion regulated in Article 4585 § 1 of the Code of Civil Procedure, which fundamentally influences the parties' procedural strategy. From the perspective of […]

Management board members' liability for company tax arrears has long remained one of the most acute risks associated with holding managerial positions. Although the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) ruling from early 2025 announced a significant easing of this liability, the practice of Polish authorities and courts remains largely conservative. It is therefore worth examining what has actually changed […]

The Draft Act Amending the Commercial Companies Code (CCC) will introduce a number of significant modifications aimed at clarifying procedures related to the dematerialization of shares, the operation of the shareholder register, and the disclosure obligations of companies, in particular simple joint-stock companies (SJCs) and joint-stock companies (JSCs). New Registration and Procedural Obligations The Draft Act provides detailed requirements for the registration of a […]